PLASTIC SURGERY

This is a surgical specialty involving the enhancement of normal body structures that are subject to
age-related changes or that have unusual features that are distressing to the patient. It is voluntary
with the main purpose of improving a person’s physical appearance – it may improve other health
aspects of the patient overall.

Here is a list of common procedures:

• Abdominoplasty – tummy tuck : reshaping and firming of the abdomen. This is done under anesthesia where the surgeon makes an incision to access the lax muscles of the abdomen to correct them and may remove some fat cells – resulting in an appealing body contour. A large “pot belly” is transformed into a flatter abdomen through this procedure.
• Mammoplasty – breast surgery : Breast augmentations – breast implant or boob job : augmentation of the breasts by means of fat grafting, saline, or silicone gel prosthetics, performed on women who may want to increase their breast size.
• Reduction mammoplasty – breast reduction : removal of skin and glandular tissue, which is done to reduce back and shoulder pain in women with gigantomastia ( large breasts) and for men with gynecomastia ( males with breasts)
• Mastopexy – breast lift : Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue
• Buttock augmentation – butt implant : enhancement of the buttocks using silicone implants or fat grafting – Brazilian butt lift / BBL where fat is transferred from other areas of the body.
• Phalloplasty – penile surgery : construction (or reconstruction) of a penis or, sometimes, artificial modification of the penis by surgery, often for cosmetic purposes
• Labiaplasty : surgical reduction and reshaping of the vagina labia
• Lip augmentation : alter the appearance of the lips by increasing their fullness through surgical enlargement with lip implants or nonsurgical enhancement with injectable fillers
• Rhinoplasty – nose job : reshaping of the nose sometimes used to correct breathing impaired by structural defects.
• Rhytidectomy – face lift : removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face
• Platysmaplasty – Neck Lift : tightening of lax tissues in the neck. This procedure is often combined with a facelift for lower face rejuvenation.
• Browplasty – brow lift or forehead lift: elevates eyebrows, smooths forehead skin
• Brachioplasty – Arm lift : reducing excess skin and fat between the underarm and the elbow
• Laser Skin Rejuvenation or laser resurfacing: the lessening of depth of facial pores and exfoliation of dead or damaged skin cells
• Body contouring : the removal of excess skin and fat from numerous areas of the body, restoring the appearance of skin elasticity of the remaining skin. The surgery is prominent in those who have undergone significant weight loss resulting in excess sagging skin being present around areas of the body. The skin loses elasticity once it has been stretched past capacity and is unable to recoil back to its standard position against the body and also with age
• Sclerotherapy : removing visible ‘ spider veins ‘ (Telangiectasia), which appear on the surface of the skin
• Dermal fillers : hyaluronic acid which occurs naturally in the body, is injected below the skin to give a fuller, youthful appearance of a feature or section of the face.
• Cosmetic botulinum toxin therapy, aka neurotoxin injectables, work to help diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by paralyzing the muscles underneath. Typically used to help treat frown lines, crow’s feet, and hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), neurotoxin brand names include Dysport, Xeomin, Jeuveau, and perhaps the most well-known of all.